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The J. Paul Getty Trust is the world's wealthiest art institution with an estimated endowment in 2011 of $US 5.6 billion.〔 Based in Los Angeles, California, it operates the J. Paul Getty Museum, which has two locations, the Getty Center in Los Angeles and the Getty Villa in Pacific Palisades district of Los Angeles, California. Its other programs are the Getty Foundation, the Getty Research Institute, and the Getty Conservation Institute. With an estimated 1.6 million visitors per year, the trust operates one of the most visited museums in the United States. The trust also provides grants and training to other museums and cultural institutions. The trust has a library, publications program and visiting scholar program. The trust's conservation program is dedicated to advancing conservation practice through the creation and delivery of knowledge. However, since 2008, the trust has scaled back the scope of its activities in response to financial challenges. ==History== The J. Paul Getty Museum Trust was established by oilman J. Paul Getty in 1953. Getty founded the Getty Oil Company, and in 1957 ''Fortune'' magazine named him the richest living American.〔List of 76 said to hold above 75 millions. ''New York Times'', October 28, 1957.〕 At his death, he was worth more than $2 billion.〔Lenzner, Robert. ''The great Getty: the life and loves of J. Paul Getty, richest man in the world''. New York: Crown Publishers, 1985. ISBN 0-517-56222-7〕 Getty died in 1976〔Whitman, Alden. (J. Paul Getty dead at 83; amassed billions from oil. ) ''New York Times'', June 6, 1976. Retrieved September 6, 2008.〕 and left the bulk of his estate, including nearly $660 million worth of stock in Getty Oil, to the J. Paul Getty Museum Trust. Legal conflicts over the will took years to resolve, but in 1982 the trust finally received Getty's full bequest. The trust began to add a number of new programs in 1982, and in February 1983, it petitioned the court to change its name to the J. Paul Getty Trust.〔Miller, Russell, House of Getty (London: BBC Audiobooks America, 1987); ARTnews, April 1984.〕 In 1997 Barry Munitz was named the president and CEO of the trust.〔Vince Stehle, "New View From the Top of the Art World's Hill,' ''The Chronicle of Philanthropy'', October 22, 1998, pp. 9–10.〕 He began work in January 1998, succeeding Harold M. Williams, the first president of the Getty Trust, who oversaw construction of the $1 billion Getty Center designed by architect Richard Meier.〔Kurt Andersen, "A City on a Hill," ''The New Yorker'', September 29, 1997, pp. 66–72.〕 With an endowment of $4.2 billion, the Getty Trust is the wealthiest art institution in the world.〔Edward Wyatt, "Getty Fees and Budget Reassessed," ''The New York TImes'', April 30, 2009, p. C1.〕 Early in his tenure, Munitz reorganized the Getty Trust, closing two of the institution's six programs—the Getty Information Institute and the Getty Education Institute. To deal with long-run financial issues, he sought to cultivate relationships with donors and corporate partners. His leadership became increasingly controversial as the Getty Trust was embroiled in numerous controversies relating to the provenance of various antiquities in the Getty Museum's collections and Munitz' expense account. In the midst of an investigation by the California Attorney General, Munitz resigned in 2006 and was forced to "forgo his severance package of more than $2 million, and reimburse the Getty Trust for $250,000 after alleged improprieties including lavish expense account spending."〔Martin Filler, "The Getty: For Better and Worse." ''The New York Review of Books'', November 16, 2006, p. 47.〕 On December 4, 2006, the trust announced the hiring of art historian James N. Wood, the former Director of the Art Institute of Chicago, as the trust's new president and CEO, replacing Barry Munitz, who was forced to step down earlier in the year.〔(The Big Payoff ), ''Time''.〕〔(Wood to Take Over J. Paul Getty Trust ), ''The Washington Post''.〕 In 2009, after a substantial drop in the trust's assets, Wood cut nearly 100 employees at the trust's various operations, most at the Getty Museum. Fees for parking at the museum and the Getty Villa were raised by 50% to $15.〔Wyatt, Ed. ("Getty Fees and Budget Are Reassessed" ), ''The New York Times'', April 29, 2009. Accessed June 21, 2010.〕 Wood died suddenly of natural causes on June 12, 2010.〔Roderick, Kevin. (James N. Wood, Getty Trust CEO was 69 ), LA Observed, June 12, 2010. Accessed June 12, 2010.〕 In May 2011 James Cuno, director of the Art Institute of Chicago, was named president and chief executive of the Getty Trust, to take office in August. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「J. Paul Getty Trust」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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